LED lighting under heading 94.05
The 2022 edition of the HS rebuilt heading 94.05 around one question: is the fitting designed for use solely with LED light sources? Getting that answer right is now the core of lighting classification.
Luminaire or light source?
Light sources — bulbs, tubes and LED modules — are classified in Chapter 85. Heading 94.05 covers the luminaires and lighting fittings that hold, distribute and protect the light: chandeliers, pendants, wall lights, floor and table lamps, floodlights, garden lights and illuminated signs. A fitting sold with its bulb is generally classified as the fitting.
The HS 2022 structure
| Group | LED-only | Other |
|---|---|---|
| Chandeliers & other ceiling/wall fittings | 9405.11 | 9405.19 |
| Table, desk, bedside & floor lamps | 9405.21 | 9405.29 |
| Christmas-tree lighting strings | 9405.31 | 9405.39 |
| Other electric luminaires | 9405.41 (photovoltaic) / 9405.42 | 9405.49 |
| Illuminated signs & name-plates | 9405.61 | 9405.69 |
Non-electrical lamps (oil, candle lanterns) are 9405.50; parts split into glass (9405.91), plastics (9405.92) and other (9405.99).
“Designed for use solely with LED”
A fitting with integrated LEDs, or one whose socket and driver only accept LED sources, is LED-only. A pendant with a standard E27 socket that accepts incandescent, CFL or LED bulbs is not — even if you sell it with an LED bulb. Product specs, the driver, and the socket type are your evidence.
Examples
- Integrated LED ceiling panel →
9405.11 - Brass floor lamp with E27 socket →
9405.29 - Solar garden stake light with LEDs →
9405.41 - LED channel-letter shop sign →
9405.61 - Glass shade sold alone →
9405.91
Compliance before you ship
- U.S./Canada: safety certification by a recognised lab (for example UL or ETL listing) is expected by retailers; FCC rules can apply to LED drivers; some states regulate efficiency.
- EU/UK: CE or UKCA marking under low-voltage, EMC and ecodesign/energy labelling rules; RoHS restrictions on hazardous substances; WEEE take-back obligations.
- Everywhere: correct voltage, plug type and multilingual instructions.
Lighting suppliers vary widely in compliance maturity. Ask for test reports in your name and verify the lab — our vetting checklist covers how.
Educational content. Confirm classification and requirements for your market with a broker or compliance lab.